| Tensile fracture |
| Fracture in rock that forms and propagates parallel to the direction of the maximum compressive stress. |
| Tensile |
| The stress of stretching or elongation. It can be thought of as negative compression. |
| Tertiary crusher |
| The final crushing stage before other processing options are undertaken. Typically reduces the size to below 20 mm. |
| Thickener |
| This is a mechanical device for increasing the solid/water ratio in a slurry. It consists of a large circular tank with rotating stirring arm. Solids settle and are removed as an underflow while clarified water overflows |
| Throw |
| The amount of movement between the moving and stationary crushing surfaces is known as the throw of the crusher, This applies to jaw and cone crushers. |
| Tillage |
| In conservation tillage, crops are grown with minimal cultivation of the soil. When the amount of tillage is reduced, the stubble or plant residues are not completely incorporated, and most or all remain on top of the soil rather than being plowed or disced into the soil. |
| Tip speed |
| The relative velocity at the end of the rotor in an impact crusher, within the range 35 to 90ms-1. |
| Toggle |
| Component of the actuating mechanism of a jaw crusher. |
| Toggle plate |
| The bottom of the pitman (jaw) is braced with a cast steel or iron toggle plate; this is often hydraulically controlled to alter the crusher product outlet and also acts as a release mechanism for 'uncrushable' material such as tramp iron. |
| Tooth profiles |
| These are the different design of liner plates in jaw crushers. They may have a standard 'Z-type' (symmetrical, flat corrugation), NC (non-choke), CC (coarse corrugation) and WW (wide wave) profile. |
| Top-soil |
| The uppermost layer of soil, rich in organic matter and forms of life. |
| Trail dredging |
| Extraction of marine aggregates: a suction pipe is pulled across the seabed at a slow speed. This extracts material in a shallow trench 2.5m wide by 0.25m deep; it allows working of relatively thin deposits. |
| Tramp Iron |
| Bolts, shovel teeth, picks and other uncrushable metal that is often present in crusher input material. |
| Transfer |
| Movement of material from one part of the process plant to the next. |
| Transfer Functions |
| This is a mathematical procedure which attempts to define the relationship between the values recorded at two different points, the purpose being to be able to predict the values at one, given the values at the other. This can be a simple factor for the PPV values (e.g. the values at point B is always approximately twice that at point A) or it can be more complex and seek to predict the entire seismic signal. Any Transfer Function requires a good set of data. |
| Transpiration |
| Process by which water that is absorbed by plants, usually through the roots, is evaporated into the atmosphere from the plant surface, such as leaf pores.
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| Type-I sub-base |
| Layer of granular aggregate used in road construction below the roadbase. The specification and thickness varies with the intended application. |