| Elutriation |
| The separation of different mineral size fractions by allowing them to fall through an upward stream of air or water. |
| EIA |
| See Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Elastic behaviour |
| The recovery of a solid to its original shape and volume following deformation under stress. |
| Emission |
| The process by which surface bound particulate matter enters the atmosphere as a suspension. This expression may however be used more loosely (and incorrectly) to refer to airborne dust. |
| Empirical |
| Guided by or derived from practical experience and observation rather than theory.
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| EMS |
| See Environmental Management System |
| Enhancement |
| landscape improvement through restoration, reconstruction or creation. |
| Environmental Assessment |
| An assessment of the impacts (see Impact) and effects resulting from a development, such as a mineral working site. |
| Environmental Impact |
| The potential environmental benefits or disbenefits arising from a development. |
| Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) |
| Environmental Impact Assessment can be summarised as the process by which information about the environmental effects of a proposed activity is collected, analysed and presented to decision makers. |
| Environmental Managment System (EMS) |
| Environmental Management System - A quality assurance tool which measures a company?s operations against environmental performance indicators, and is a positive aid to good operational practice. (e.g. ISO14001 can be used for this purpose). |
| Environmental Protection Act (EPA) |
| Acronym for the Environmental Protection Act, 1990. |
| Environmental Statement |
| A document which presents the findings of an environmental assessment together with details of appropriate mitigation. |
| EPA |
| See Environmental Protection Act |
| Erosion |
| The natural removal of the earths surface materials by wind, water and glacial action under gravity. It can also apply to the gradual wearing of machinery by physical abrasion or chemical action. |
| European Standards for Aggregates |
| The European Standards for aggregates came into force in June 2004. Their introduction has meant that recycled and secondary aggregates can be used across a broad range of applications, as the Standards cover 'aggregates from natural, recycled and manufactured materials', focusing on fitness for purpose and not discriminating between different resources.
From www.aggregain.org.uk
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| Evaluation |
| A limited programme of non-intrusive and/or intrusive fieldwork designed to ascertain the presence or absence, nature and character of the archaeological component of a specific site or area. |
| Evaporation |
| The process of liquid water becoming water vapour, including vaporization from water surfaces, land surfaces, and snow fields, but not from leaf surfaces, which is transpiration.
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| Evapo-transpiration |
| The combined effect of evaporation and transpiration.
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| Excavate |
| Dig out, extract usually [unconsolidated] sands and gravels. |
| Extraction |
| Extraction involves removing material from the ground and delivering it to a production plant in a form suitable for processing; it is also referred to as quarrying. A quarry is any surface working where minerals are extracted. It may also be referred to as a surface mine, open pit or opencast mine; as opposed to a mine, which is defined in the UK as an underground working. |